Lesson test: Temperature and the Zeroth Law

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Temperature and the Zeroth Law

1.[2p]
Both hands go into the same tepid bowl and report different things. What does the experiment establish?

Sensation reports a heat flow across the skin, not a property of the water

Correct

The tepid water is at two temperatures at once

The answer is: Sensation reports a heat flow across the skin, not a property of the water

The nerves in the two hands differ physiologically

The answer is: Sensation reports a heat flow across the skin, not a property of the water

Water conducts heat too poorly to reach equilibrium

The answer is: Sensation reports a heat flow across the skin, not a property of the water

2.[2p]
Which property of thermal equilibrium is the actual content of the Zeroth Law?

Transitivity

Correct

Reflexivity

The answer is: Transitivity

Symmetry

The answer is: Transitivity

Monotonicity

The answer is: Transitivity

3.[2p]
Because thermal equilibrium is an equivalence relation, it partitions all systems into classes, and a temperature is a label for one of those classes.

True

Correct

False

The answer is: True

4.[1p]
Why is this law numbered zero?

Fowler named it in the 1930s, after the other three were already numbered

Correct

It was the first of the four to be discovered

The answer is: Fowler named it in the 1930s, after the other three were already numbered

It is considered less fundamental than the other three

The answer is: Fowler named it in the 1930s, after the other three were already numbered

It applies only at absolute zero

The answer is: Fowler named it in the 1930s, after the other three were already numbered

5.[2p]
A mercury thermometer and a platinum resistance thermometer are calibrated at the ice and steam points. What happens in between?

They disagree, because each scale is a property of its own thermometric substance

Correct

They agree exactly, since both are linear by construction

The answer is: They disagree, because each scale is a property of its own thermometric substance

They disagree only above 100 °C

The answer is: They disagree, because each scale is a property of its own thermometric substance

Mercury reads correctly and platinum is in error

The answer is: They disagree, because each scale is a property of its own thermometric substance

6.[2p]
A constant-volume gas thermometer in the dilute limit reads $p_{ice} = 80.00$ kPa at the ice point and gives $p_{steam} / p_{ice} = 1.3661$ . What is the pressure in kPa at the steam point?

CorrectNot quite: 109.29

7.[3p]
Using the same ratio $1.3661$ and a linear fit through the ice and steam points, at what Celsius temperature does the extrapolated pressure reach zero? Answer in degrees Celsius.

CorrectNot quite: -273.15

8.[2p]
Why do different gases agree only as the amount of gas in the bulb is reduced?

Intermolecular interactions become negligible as the molecules are moved apart

Correct

The manometer becomes more accurate at low pressure

The answer is: Intermolecular interactions become negligible as the molecules are moved apart

Heavier gases leak out of the bulb first

The answer is: Intermolecular interactions become negligible as the molecules are moved apart

The bulb's thermal expansion matters less

The answer is: Intermolecular interactions become negligible as the molecules are moved apart

9.[3p]
Match each instrument or definition to what characterises it.

Standard platinum resistance thermometer
Type K thermocouple
Kelvin since 20 May 2019
Kelvin from 1954 to 2019
Triple point of water today

a measured quantity with an uncertainty of about 0.0001 K
defined by fixing the Boltzmann constant at 1.380649e-23 J/K
defined by fixing the triple point of water at 273.16 K
ITS-90 instrument from about 14 K to 1235 K
about 41 microvolts per kelvin, cheap, fast, roughly a degree of accuracy

Show the answer

Standard platinum resistance thermometer: ITS-90 instrument from about 14 K to 1235 K Type K thermocouple: about 41 microvolts per kelvin, cheap, fast, roughly a degree of accuracy Kelvin since 20 May 2019: defined by fixing the Boltzmann constant at 1.380649e-23 J/K Kelvin from 1954 to 2019: defined by fixing the triple point of water at 273.16 K Triple point of water today: a measured quantity with an uncertainty of about 0.0001 K

1.[2p] Both hands go into the same tepid bowl and report different things. What does the experiment establish?

2.[2p] Which property of thermal equilibrium is the actual content of the Zeroth Law?

3.[2p] Because thermal equilibrium is an equivalence relation, it partitions all systems into classes, and a temperature is a label for one of those classes.

4.[1p] Why is this law numbered zero?

5.[2p] A mercury thermometer and a platinum resistance thermometer are calibrated at the ice and steam points. What happens in between?

6.[2p] A constant-volume gas thermometer in the dilute limit reads pice=80.00 kPa at the ice point and gives psteam/pice=1.3661. What is the pressure in kPa at the steam point?

7.[3p] Using the same ratio 1.3661 and a linear fit through the ice and steam points, at what Celsius temperature does the extrapolated pressure reach zero? Answer in degrees Celsius.

8.[2p] Why do different gases agree only as the amount of gas in the bulb is reduced?

9.[3p] Match each instrument or definition to what characterises it.

1.[2p]
Both hands go into the same tepid bowl and report different things. What does the experiment establish?

2.[2p]
Which property of thermal equilibrium is the actual content of the Zeroth Law?

3.[2p]
Because thermal equilibrium is an equivalence relation, it partitions all systems into classes, and a temperature is a label for one of those classes.

4.[1p]
Why is this law numbered zero?

5.[2p]
A mercury thermometer and a platinum resistance thermometer are calibrated at the ice and steam points. What happens in between?

6.[2p]
A constant-volume gas thermometer in the dilute limit reads $p_{ice} = 80.00$ kPa at the ice point and gives $p_{steam} / p_{ice} = 1.3661$ . What is the pressure in kPa at the steam point?

7.[3p]
Using the same ratio $1.3661$ and a linear fit through the ice and steam points, at what Celsius temperature does the extrapolated pressure reach zero? Answer in degrees Celsius.

8.[2p]
Why do different gases agree only as the amount of gas in the bulb is reduced?

9.[3p]
Match each instrument or definition to what characterises it.