Lesson test: Evolution in real time

1.[2p]
Why is $R = h^{2} S$ a prediction rather than a description?

Heritability and the selection differential are measured before the response is

Correct

It contains no free parameters

The answer is: Heritability and the selection differential are measured before the response is

It applies only to artificial selection

The answer is: Heritability and the selection differential are measured before the response is

Response and differential are the same quantity

The answer is: Heritability and the selection differential are measured before the response is

2.[2p]
Beak depth was 9.42 mm before the drought and 10.14 mm in the survivors. What is the selection differential, in millimetres?

CorrectNot quite: 0.72

3.[3p]
With that differential and $h^{2} = 0.74$ , what response should appear in the next generation, in millimetres?

CorrectNot quite: 0.53

5.[2p]
The 1983 El Niño pushed beak depth further in the same direction as the 1977 drought.

True

The answer is: False

False

Correct

6.[2p]
Illinois maize went from 4.7 per cent oil to about 22 per cent in 100 generations. By what factor did it increase?

CorrectNot quite: 4.7

7.[3p]
A selection line stops responding. Which are possible reasons?

Select all that apply

The additive genetic variance for the character has been exhausted

Correct

Natural selection now opposes the artificial selection

Correct

The character has reached a physical floor or ceiling

Correct

The selection differential has been measured incorrectly by definition

The answer is: The additive genetic variance for the character has been exhausted, Natural selection now opposes the artificial selection, The character has reached a physical floor or ceiling

8.[3p]
How do you distinguish an exhausted line from one held back by opposing natural selection?

Relax selection: an exhausted line stays put, while an opposed line retreats towards the middle

Correct

Increase the selection differential and see if it moves

The answer is: Relax selection: an exhausted line stays put, while an opposed line retreats towards the middle

Count the number of generations already run

The answer is: Relax selection: an exhausted line stays put, while an opposed line retreats towards the middle

Measure the mean rather than the variance

The answer is: Relax selection: an exhausted line stays put, while an opposed line retreats towards the middle

9.[3p]
Resistance mutations arise at $10^{- 9}$ and $10^{- 8}$ per cell. In $10^{11}$ bacteria, a doubly resistant cell is expected roughly once in how many infections?

CorrectNot quite: 1000000

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Evolution in real time

1.[2p]
Why is $R = h^{2} S$ a prediction rather than a description?

2.[2p]
Beak depth was 9.42 mm before the drought and 10.14 mm in the survivors. What is the selection differential, in millimetres?

3.[3p]
With that differential and $h^{2} = 0.74$ , what response should appear in the next generation, in millimetres?

4.[2p]
The Daphne Major population fell from about 1,200 birds to about 180. What percentage survived?

5.[2p]
The 1983 El Niño pushed beak depth further in the same direction as the 1977 drought.

6.[2p]
Illinois maize went from 4.7 per cent oil to about 22 per cent in 100 generations. By what factor did it increase?

7.[3p]
A selection line stops responding. Which are possible reasons?

8.[3p]
How do you distinguish an exhausted line from one held back by opposing natural selection?

9.[3p]
Resistance mutations arise at $10^{- 9}$ and $10^{- 8}$ per cell. In $10^{11}$ bacteria, a doubly resistant cell is expected roughly once in how many infections?

1.[2p] Why is R=h2S a prediction rather than a description?

2.[2p] Beak depth was 9.42 mm before the drought and 10.14 mm in the survivors. What is the selection differential, in millimetres?

3.[3p] With that differential and h2=0.74, what response should appear in the next generation, in millimetres?

4.[2p] The Daphne Major population fell from about 1,200 birds to about 180. What percentage survived?

5.[2p] The 1983 El Niño pushed beak depth further in the same direction as the 1977 drought.

6.[2p] Illinois maize went from 4.7 per cent oil to about 22 per cent in 100 generations. By what factor did it increase?

7.[3p] A selection line stops responding. Which are possible reasons?

8.[3p] How do you distinguish an exhausted line from one held back by opposing natural selection?

9.[3p] Resistance mutations arise at 10-9 and 10-8 per cell. In 1011 bacteria, a doubly resistant cell is expected roughly once in how many infections?

1.[2p]
Why is $R = h^{2} S$ a prediction rather than a description?

2.[2p]
Beak depth was 9.42 mm before the drought and 10.14 mm in the survivors. What is the selection differential, in millimetres?

3.[3p]
With that differential and $h^{2} = 0.74$ , what response should appear in the next generation, in millimetres?

4.[2p]
The Daphne Major population fell from about 1,200 birds to about 180. What percentage survived?

5.[2p]
The 1983 El Niño pushed beak depth further in the same direction as the 1977 drought.

6.[2p]
Illinois maize went from 4.7 per cent oil to about 22 per cent in 100 generations. By what factor did it increase?

7.[3p]
A selection line stops responding. Which are possible reasons?

8.[3p]
How do you distinguish an exhausted line from one held back by opposing natural selection?

9.[3p]
Resistance mutations arise at $10^{- 9}$ and $10^{- 8}$ per cell. In $10^{11}$ bacteria, a doubly resistant cell is expected roughly once in how many infections?