Lesson test: Distance and partiality

1.[3p]
What is the second premise of Singer's argument in its strong form?

If we can prevent something bad without sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought to do it

Correct

We should always maximise the good

The answer is: If we can prevent something bad without sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought to do it

Distance makes no difference to obligation

The answer is: If we can prevent something bad without sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought to do it

Everyone should give ten percent of their income

The answer is: If we can prevent something bad without sacrificing anything of comparable moral importance, we ought to do it

2.[3p]
Why does Singer also offer a weaker version of the premise?

A reader who rejects the strong principle is still caught by the weak one, which is enough to condemn most current behaviour

Correct

The strong version is logically invalid

The answer is: A reader who rejects the strong principle is still caught by the weak one, which is enough to condemn most current behaviour

The weak version applies only to emergencies

The answer is: A reader who rejects the strong principle is still caught by the weak one, which is enough to condemn most current behaviour

It is easier to state

The answer is: A reader who rejects the strong principle is still caught by the weak one, which is enough to condemn most current behaviour

4.[3p]
What did the randomised evaluation movement establish about aid?

Not that aid works or does not, but that the variance in effectiveness between interventions is enormous

Correct

That all aid is ineffective

The answer is: Not that aid works or does not, but that the variance in effectiveness between interventions is enormous

That all aid is effective

The answer is: Not that aid works or does not, but that the variance in effectiveness between interventions is enormous

That aid cannot be evaluated

The answer is: Not that aid works or does not, but that the variance in effectiveness between interventions is enormous

5.[3p]
What is Pogge's reframing of the obligation?

The global order causally sustains poverty, so what is owed is compensation under a negative duty not to harm rather than charity

Correct

Charity should be organised by governments rather than individuals

The answer is: The global order causally sustains poverty, so what is owed is compensation under a negative duty not to harm rather than charity

Aid should be directed at the worst off first

The answer is: The global order causally sustains poverty, so what is owed is compensation under a negative duty not to harm rather than charity

Poverty is not a moral question at all

The answer is: The global order causally sustains poverty, so what is owed is compensation under a negative duty not to harm rather than charity

6.[3p]
What is Williams's "one thought too many"?

A man who saves his wife should be moved by the thought that she is his wife, not by a permission from an impartial theory

Correct

Moral reasoning should always be quick

The answer is: A man who saves his wife should be moved by the thought that she is his wife, not by a permission from an impartial theory

Deliberating about a rescue wastes time

The answer is: A man who saves his wife should be moved by the thought that she is his wife, not by a permission from an impartial theory

Impartial theories require too much calculation

The answer is: A man who saves his wife should be moved by the thought that she is his wife, not by a permission from an impartial theory

7.[3p]
Which criticisms of effective altruism does the lesson endorse as real?

Select all that apply

Measurability bias pulls attention towards what can be counted

Correct

Expected value reasoning drifts towards speculative long-run risks where the guesses do the work

Correct

A theory of criterion without a theory of character permits calculating past every constraint

Correct

Randomised trials have shown that aid does not work

The answer is: Measurability bias pulls attention towards what can be counted, Expected value reasoning drifts towards speculative long-run risks where the guesses do the work, A theory of criterion without a theory of character permits calculating past every constraint

8.[2p]
The lesson concludes that physical distance is a defensible moral variable.

True

The answer is: False

False

Correct

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Distance and partiality

1.[3p]
What is the second premise of Singer's argument in its strong form?

2.[3p]
Why does Singer also offer a weaker version of the premise?

3.[3p]
Giving ten percent of a 50,000 income for forty years, at 5,000 per life saved, implies how many lives?

4.[3p]
What did the randomised evaluation movement establish about aid?

5.[3p]
What is Pogge's reframing of the obligation?

6.[3p]
What is Williams's "one thought too many"?

7.[3p]
Which criticisms of effective altruism does the lesson endorse as real?

8.[2p]
The lesson concludes that physical distance is a defensible moral variable.

9.[2p]
Whose 1972 paper "Famine, Affluence, and Morality" sets out the argument?

1.[3p] What is the second premise of Singer's argument in its strong form?

2.[3p] Why does Singer also offer a weaker version of the premise?

3.[3p] Giving ten percent of a 50,000 income for forty years, at 5,000 per life saved, implies how many lives?

4.[3p] What did the randomised evaluation movement establish about aid?

5.[3p] What is Pogge's reframing of the obligation?

6.[3p] What is Williams's "one thought too many"?

7.[3p] Which criticisms of effective altruism does the lesson endorse as real?

8.[2p] The lesson concludes that physical distance is a defensible moral variable.

9.[2p] Whose 1972 paper "Famine, Affluence, and Morality" sets out the argument?

1.[3p]
What is the second premise of Singer's argument in its strong form?

2.[3p]
Why does Singer also offer a weaker version of the premise?

3.[3p]
Giving ten percent of a 50,000 income for forty years, at 5,000 per life saved, implies how many lives?

4.[3p]
What did the randomised evaluation movement establish about aid?

5.[3p]
What is Pogge's reframing of the obligation?

6.[3p]
What is Williams's "one thought too many"?

7.[3p]
Which criticisms of effective altruism does the lesson endorse as real?

8.[2p]
The lesson concludes that physical distance is a defensible moral variable.

9.[2p]
Whose 1972 paper "Famine, Affluence, and Morality" sets out the argument?